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mailed f I^E;^ b^ addreSvSing 

Q. A. A. DEANE, Land Commissioner, 

LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 

OK, 

H. C. TOWNSEND, Q. P. & T. A., 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 



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WOODWARD & TIERNAN PRINTING CO. ST. LOUIS. 






The New South. 



Its agricultural, 
MINERAL, 
MANUFACTURING 
And commercial 



Advantages 



SET FORTH TO THE WORLD. 



The Governors of the Southern States Co=operating 

in Building up the South. 



At the meeting of the Governors of the Southern States lately 
held in Richmond, Va., the following comprehensive plan for 
bringing before the world the wonderful advantages offered by 
the Southern States to those seeking new homes or profitable 
investment for capital was adopted : 

In order to carry out the work now and here begun, looking 
to more extensive immigration to the Southern States, it is 
recommended that the Governors of these States appoint several 
persons, one to investigate carefully each of the following sub- 
jects in its relation to immigration to that State : Direct trade, 
labor and employment, mining, climatology and health, adver- 



_4 — 

tising and manufacturing, and these persons, under direction of 
the Governor of that state, shall co-operate with him in such 
immigration work as he may direct. 

That, for the general co-operative immigration work in all 
Southern States, persons appointed as provided for above in the 
several States to investigate each of the several subjects named 
shall constitute a co-operative committee on each subject for the 
several States, and these committees shall hold such meetings 
and publish such reports on these special subjects as may be 
hereafter agreed upon and provide'd for by the Governors of the 
several States co-operating, or other accredited representatives of 
these States. 



The Committee on Resolutions, through its Chairman, Gov. 
Wm. J. Stone, of Missouri, presented the address to the people 
of the United States and Europe, setting forth the agricultural 
and commercial advantages of the southern portion of the United 
States. 

ADDRESS: 

The Governors of the States of Maryland, Virginia, West 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Kentucky, 
Tennessee, Missouri, Louisiana, Arkansas and Mississippi, 
assembled in convention at the City of Richmond, Va., on April 
12, 1893, for the sole purpose of advancing by co-operation and 
concert of action the industrial interests and well-being of their 
several States, do issue the following address to the people of the 
United States and those in Europe who may contemplate making 
investrnents in this country or emigrating in search of homes, 



— 5 — 

The States represented at this Convention comprise substan- 
tially the southern half of the American Republic. The territorial 
area of these States is 875,720 square miles. The population, 
as shown by the census of 1890, 22,046,278. Its eastern and 
southern exterior limits are bounded by the Atlantic Ocean 
and the Gulf of Mexico. The interior is traversed by many 
of the most important rivers on the continent and by some of the 
greatest in the world. The surface is diversified by mountain 
chains and beautiful valleys, by long stretches of fertile bottom 
lands and broad expanse of picturesque and productive prairies. 
The climate is temperate, changing more or less with the seasons, 
and is pleasant, invigorating and healthful. The resources of this 
vast area are distributed with a wonderful and surprising equality, 
and its adaptation to natural and to industrial productions is 
almost limitless. 

MINERALS. 

All or nearly all these States have inexhaustible deposits of 
coal, mostly bituminous, which can be mined less expensively 
perhaps than elsewherein the world. In every section of the area 
embraced by these are enormous and immeasurable areas of other 
minerals used in the industrial arts. Multiplied thousands are 
already engaged in mining and reducing these metals. The value 
of these mines and mineral deposits has already long since 
passed the period of experimentation, and yet they are in the 
infancy of their development. 

FORESTRY. 

Scattered throughout these States are also great areas of 
forest lands, on which are growing in superabundance as fine 



— 6 — 

timber as can be found in the world — cypress, walnut, ash, 
maple, pine and the like— fit in the highest degree for ship-build- 
ing, house-building, and for all the uses of manufacture. 

AGRICULTURE. 

The soil and climate unite to give to these States unsurpassed 
adaptation and capacity for the productions of agriculture. 
Tobacco, cotton, sugar, Indian corn, wheat, rye, barley, oats — 
all the cereals — are grown here in profuse abundance. Nowhere 
in the world does the earth yield a more prompt and abundant 
return to the vitalizing touch of the husbandman than in these 
commonwealths. ^, 

HORTICULTURE. 

As much may be said likewise of horticulture. Nowhere can 
richer or sweeter fruit — such as oranges, bananas, apples, peaches, 
plums, grapes, berries — be grown, or in greater profusion. 
Already are to be found here many of the most extensive and 
profitable orchards, vineyards and gardens on the globe. 

Such, in brief, are the climate and topographical conditions, 
and such the natural and productive advantages of these great 
States of the South and Southwest. Hitherto, immigration and 
capital have flowed more toward the Western and Northwestern 
States. This was due, no doubt,' largely to the fact that these 
were new States, where immigration could find free homes by 
right of settlement on the public lands of the United States, and 
due partly, it may be, to the fact that most of the States repre- 
sented in this Convention were the theater of war during the 



— 7 — 

straggle between the States, and were interrupted in their 
progress by the somewhat turbulent conditions immediately 
following the cessation of hostilities, incident to the so-called 
period of reconstruction. But happily all these disadvantages 
are now at an end, the desirable public lands of the Northwest 
are practically absorbed ; they have been taken up. 

A NEW ERA OF PROGRESS. 

Long since the old disturbing forces that prevailed in the 
South, and menaced its well-being, have disappeared. It has 
begun a new era of progress and prosperity. The tide of immi- 
gration has been diverted southward, and is pouring in upon us 
in a steady and augmenting stream. Peace is smiling every- 
where and is striving to win her victories no less renowned than 
those of w ar. 

At this auspicious period in Southern history, the Governors 
of the States here represented have but to give the world assur- 
ance of their profound gratification that this new and brighter 
day has dawned upon these States, and if possible to accelerate 
the movement which is now so soon and so sure to develop the 
wonderful resources and wealth of the Southern States. They 
are anxious to have immigrants settle among them; they are 
anxious to have capital make investments and develop enter- 
prises. To the worthy immigrant they extend the hand of 
welcome, with the assurance that he will find an educated, warm- 
hearted, hospitable, progressive people, among whom he can live 
in amity and peace without regard to his religion, his politics or 
his nativity. 



8 



Churches and schools EVERYWHERfi. 

Churches and school houses are everywhere. Although 
these facilities for worship and education are already established 
upon a most liberal scale, they are constantly and rapidly 
increasing. The social, moral and religious life of the people of 
these States is upon a high plane. To the capitalist these States 
offer special inducements for investments. The laws are favor- 
able to the investor, and public order and private rights are 
firmly upheld and maintained. Nowhere in the world are there 
such golden opportunities for investment in mining and 
manufacturing enterprise. Fuel, water, w-ood, metal, cane, 
cotton, tobacco, hemp, flax — all here together — one waiting to 
serve the other, almost without the cost of transportation. The 
South is bounding forward now. It is the field in which the 
immediate future will unfold the most marvelous development of 
the century. Here new homes are to grow like spring flowers, 
coming up out of the "winter of our discontent," and are to 
multiply with increasing rapidity as the years go by. Here 
capital is to find its most tempting and profitable food for 
investment. 

A CORDIAL WELCOME. 

The Governors of the States named, in behalf of their con- 
stituencies extend a cordial and pressing invitation to home- 
seekers, farmers, mechanics, miners, workmen, to come here 
and cast their fortunes with the South ; as they do also a similar 
invitation to capitalists, whether in the United States or else- 
where, to examine our resources and to aid us in their develop- 
ment, to the end that they may participate in our prosperity. 



— 9 



With a view to setting forth the resources of the several 
States more in detail, it is proposed that the Governors of the 
States here represented prepare a brief address, showing the 
peculiar and special advantages of their respective States,, to be 
published with this address for general distribution. 




ADVANTAGES OF ARKANSAS. 



HER RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL 

FEATURES. 



System of Laws, Temperance, Climate, etc. 



THE MINERAL RESOURCES. 



The following is the address of Gov. W. M. Fishback, delivered 
at the Governors' Convention recently held at Richmond, Va. : 

ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR FISHBACK. 

Under the genial and health-giving climate of our State, and 
in the face of almost every species of political obstacle, there has 
grown up in Arkansas a religious and social condition not inferior 
to that of any other State in the Union. 

RELIGION. 

We have in Arkansas some 3,500 churclies, or one to every 
325 inhabitants, over one-half of which have been erected in the 
past ten years. 

Ten j^ears ago the M. E. Church South, had about 525 churches, 
valued at nearly $300,000, and ninety-six parsonages, valued at 
$45,000. Now they have 1,033 churches and l95 parsonages, 
valued in the aggregate at $1,000,000 ; and during the same decade 
they have erected educational buildings valued at about $200,000. 



— 11 — 

The colored Methodists have 173 churches and 27,956 mem- 
bers. Their church property is valued at |233,425. 

The Baptist denomination is conceded to be the largest in the 
State, having 1,772 churches and 99,499 members. 

The colored Baptists have 558 churches and 37,405 members, 
but I have no other statistics concerning them. 

We have in all twenty-nine denominations. 

EDUCATION. 

Our educational advancement within the past ten years has 
been atan unparalleled pace. The school enrollment of our youth 
has increased at a rate of percentage from two to fifty times as 
great as that of any other State admitted into the Union at the 
time of, or prior to the time of, our own admission. 

We have 3,000 school houses, or one to every 375 inhabitants, 
1,547 of which have been erected in the past ten years. 

We have one college or seminary for every 22,000 inhabitants, ^ 
over two-thirds of which have been erected in the past decade. 

A State university and three normal schools afford free educa- 
tion of a higher order. Two-fifths of our State tax and half of our 
county taxes support our public schools. We have in the negro 
districts about 900 separate schools for the colored people. Sev- 
eral of their school houses cost from $10,000 to $20,000 each. They 
have also several colleges, and the State supports one normal 
school for colored teachers. 

About two years ago, Hon. F. P. Laws opened at his own ex- 
pense, in the village of Beebe, a free Bible school, which has con- 
stantly grown in interest, until it now has a membership of 235 
and an average daily attendance of thirty-five. I know of no other 



— 12 — 

such institution in the world. The good it is accomphshing should 
awaken general interest and general inquiry throughout Christen- 
dom. 

While within the past thirteen years the South has expended 
1216,000,000 in the free education of the youths of our section, in 
Arkansas we have expended during the same period $10,200,000 
with an average of 350,000 children 

SYSTEM OF LAWS. 

It were enough perhaps to say of our system of laws, that 
two years ago the Congress, controlled by a political party not in 
sympathy with a majority of our people, selected from the statutes 
of Arkansas the entire body of laws by which one of the terri- 
tories of the Union is governed. 

I am very much in doubt if there is a community in the world 
of equal population where the laws are more generally enforced 
and obeyed than in this State. 

The carrying of concealed weapons is in Arkansas a crime, 
and the officers of the law are themselves liable to prosecution if 
they fail to prosecute offenders against this statute. 

TEMPERANCE. 

Our temperance laws are said by competent judges to be in 
advance of those of any other State, because, being the result of 
evolution, growing by degrees and taking hold of one community 
at a time as public sentiment in that community is educated up 
to an appreciation of their importance, the laws upon this subject 
are easily and completely enforced. 



— 18-- 

In every county the people vote at each biennial election for 
or against license, and even when the counties vote for license, a 
majority of the male and female adults in any neighborhood may 
vote it away from within three miles of any church or school 
house by petition to the county authorities. 

Under this process of evolution, and with the aid of female 
votes or petitions, we have gradually driven license out of some 
thirty-five of the seventy-five counties, and away from more than 
2,000 churches and school houses. 

Animated by such religious surroundings, enlightened by 
such educational facilities and protected by such a system of laws, 
our people enjoy exceptional safety, botli of life and property. 

COLORED PEOPLE. 

The colored race are found in numbers only in about a third 
of the State. I traveled last summer 300 miles in the State and 
did not see half a dozen negroes along the entire route. 

The race problem is here no longer a problem. Matters have 
adjusted themselves in accordance with common sense. The 
Australian ballot has eliminated all danger from ignorance, and 
the free public school system is fast educating the negro in the 
duties of citizenship. The Christian doctrine of the universal 
brotherhood of man has thrown around him the mantle of pro- 
tection in all his rights, both as a man and as a citizen. He 
stands before our law the equal of all other rnen. Yet he has at 
last accepted the doctrine that the white man ought and will rule 
this country. 



— 14 



CLIMATE. 

Oar climate is proverbially genial and healthy in the greater 
part of the State. Oar death rate is mach smaller than in most 
of the Northern States, while oar birth rate is nearly double that 
of most of oar sister States of the North. The sargeon-general of 
the United States army reports, I am informed, the death rate of 
troops stationed in Arkansas less than at any place in the United 
States. 

The climate of Arkansas is so favorable to both animal and 
vegetable life, that the census of 1880 (I have no access to that of 
1890 yet) shows the money value per acre of her farm products to 
be greater than that of any other State in the Union, except 
Louisiana. In one portion of the State the apple attains a per- 
fection that has not yet been found anywhere else in the United 
States. They have excelled wherever displayed in competition. 

A commissioner sent out by the patent office in 1859. reported 
to the Government that Arkansas is so M^ell adapted to the culture 
of the grape that the rocky hillsides of the State, if planted to 
the vine, would prove more valuable than our best cotton lands. 
He said also that wine made from one species of our native 
grapes had been taken to Europe and pronounced equal to the 
best foreign wines. 

But the other day the Agricultural Department of the United 
States reported the sorghum of Arkansas the best in the United 
States. 

MINERALS. 

There will be on exhibition from Arkansas at Chicago soon, 
a chunk of crystallized carbonate of zinc ore, having only about 
10 per cent of waste matter, weighing seven tons. It was, together 



— 15 — 

with another similar chunk weighing 64,000 pounds, or thirty- 
two tons, broken from a boulder upon the hillside, which has 
been cleared off until there has been exposed a surface block of 
13,000,000 pounds, or 65,000 tons. 

We have, according to recent geological survey, a distribution 
of 216 square miles of zinc ore, and overlying it and around it 
we have 2,199 square miles of marble, the same as Tennessee 
marbles. 

We have 2,347 square miles of coal. Ten years ago we mined 
only about 5,000 tons of coal ; in 1889, only 279,000 tons from 
twenty-seven mines. We have now in operation seventy-eight 
mines, and the output is variously estimated at from 750,000 to 
1,250,000 tons annually. 

We have thirteen square miles of granite (building stone), 
305 square miles of novaculite, or whetstone rock — famous all 
over the world; 126 square miles of manganese, not including 
ores of lower grade ; 7,300 square miles of limestone, available for 
lime and building stone; 1,295 square miles of pottery clays, 2,140 
square miles of clays suitable for vitrified brick, and 612 square 
miles of clay for pressed brick of the highest grade. We have 
also alum shales, the outcrop of which is 375 miles in length. 
We have 200 acres of chalk, available for the manufacture of high- 
est grade of Portland cement. 

We have 640 acres of beauxite or aluminum ore. And but the 
other day we discovered large deposits of red and yellow ochre. 

We have also inexhaustible beds of gypsum and marl. 
We have the largest hardwood trees yet discQvered in the 
world. 



— 16 - 

But I will leave the details of our mineral and timber 
resources to Prof. W. S. Thomas, whose opportunities of observa- 
tion have been superior to my own. 

Wm. M. Fishback, 

Governor of Arkansas. 



The article on the resources of Arkansas by Prof. W. S. 
Thomas, above referred to, by the kind permission of Governor 
Wm. M. Fishback we present below, in advance of its official 
promulgation : 

ARKANSAS. 



ITS RESOURCES, AND THEIR COMMERCIAL VALUE. 



[By W. S. Thomas.] 



The geographical position and physical conformation of 
Arkansas give it a variety and quality of products which are the 
wonder of all investigators. It is in the same latitude where the 
human family had its birth, where civilization has made its 
greatest advancement in past ages, and where our Savior had His 
earthly home. AVithin a space of three hundred miles, from the 
southeast to the northwest corner of the State, are to be found the 
climate and other characteristics of ten degrees of latitude. The 
altitude of the southeastern part of the State does not exceed two 
hundred and fifty feet above tide water. From this point the 
country rises to the northwest, wdiere on the plateau it attains an 
altitude of twenty-five hundred feet, while the mountain peaks 



— 17 — 

reach in the neighborhood of three thousand feet. This altitude 
gives the State ten degrees of latitude, which equals in its 
agricultural products the space from the Gulf of Mexico to the 
northern lakes ; as it were, the agricultural products of the 
Northern and Southern States here meet and lap over. The State 
produces the crops of both sections, such as northern cereals and 
grasses, as well as cotton and other semi-tropical vegetation. It 
is not uncommon to see on the same farm wheat, oats, grasses, 
cotton and tobacco growing. As to the quality and quantity of 
the products, it is so favored with climate and soil that it has 
but few equals and no superiors. Of some of the northern pro- 
ducts two crops are raised the same season and on the same land. 
Every textile fiber used in the arts is grown. Its cotton has 
been acknowledged as superior to any other except Sea Island by 
the awards of money and medals it has received at the many 
competing exhibits where it has been shown, and it produces 
more per hand than any other State. But little attention has 
been given to hemp, flax, jute, ramie and kindred fibers, but 
sufficient to know, if other conditions were favorable, they could 
be grown with profit. It is stated by the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, in the report on sheep husbandry in the 
United States, that the wool from sheep introduced from other 
States improves in the quality of its fiber and the quantity of the 
fleece, and that the physical condition of the animal is improved 
if imported from the East. 

As a stock-raising region the capabilities of Arkansas have 
been most sadly neglected. With the advantages of cHmate, 
water, and variety of foods, more attention should be given to 
this important branch of her many industries. Over a hundred 



— 18 — 

and fifty varieties of native grasses are found in the State, and 
all of the most desirable cultivated grasses of the North do 
remarkably well, as has been proven by careful experiments for 
the past dozen years in the central part of the State. The State pro- 
duces other superior animal foods peculiar to the South that outrank 
in value those before mentioned, Bermuda grass, Japan clover, and 
cow or stock peas, with cotton seed, whether used in its natural state 
or in the form of meal ; all these have more nutritious value as 
flesh and butter producers than any food grown north of the 
thirty-seventh parallel. This fact has been demonstrated by 
cattle feeders who have fed at the same time on corn in Kansas, 
and on cotton seed meal in Little Rock, marketing both herds in 
the same market. In the northern and western part of the State 
there is a large acreage of country wonderfully adapted to sheep 
raising, and where the annual cost of keeping a sheep in the 
same condition would be less than half the expense in Michigan, 
Ohio, or any other Northern State. This has been practically 
investigated and the truth fully demonstrated. 

With this great variety of foods and other advantages, hogs 
can be raised at less cost than in the corn region of the North- 
west. 

Those who have given the subject attention say no country 
can excel Arkansas in the breeding of horses. Up to the present 
time this industry has received but a small amount of the atten- 
tion its importance demands, but now some efforts are being made 
to introduce improved breeds of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, 
with very satisfactory results. 

As a fruit region this State has been termed by the United 
States Pomologist "the geedling ground oi America," having prq-. 



— 19 — 

duced more valuable seedling apples than any other part of the 
country. Not only have apples made the State noted by their 
excellence, but it ranks equally high as a grape and berry region. 
In regard to Arkansas as a grape-growing region, a volume 
might be written, and then its advantages remain untold. The 
climate and soil combined produce a quality of fruit that has 
attracted the attention of vineyardists both in this country and 
Europe. Nicholas Longworth, of Ohio, father of the wine 
industry in this country, found growing wild in the valley of the 
Arkansas river a variety that he introduced into his vineyard, 
considering it superior to any he had in cultivation for making 
wine. In the mountain regions grapes suitable for the table 
have been found of such unusual excellence as to call for a special 
report from the United States Department of Agriculture as early 
as 1859. 

In short, Arkansas pears and peaches are unexcelled in size, 
color and flavor. Arkansas produces every variety of fruit grown in 
the temperate zone, and even borders on the semi-tropical. At 
the meeting of the American Pomological Society, held in Boston, 
September 15, 1887, it exhibited sixty-eight new varieties of 
apples, and was awarded the Wilder medal, the highest honor 
in the gift of the Society. At the Cotton Centennial World's 
Fair held in New Orleans, where 22,000 plates of fruit were on 
exhibition, Arkansas not only received the highest award for the 
best indi\ndual apple, but for the largest and best collection. In 
California, at Riverside, February 7, 1888, the Arkansas exhibit 
was spoken of by the press as the "largest and best display of 
apples ever made on the Pacific coast." 



— 20 — 

At the American Institute, in New York city, October, 1890 
every premium Arkansas contended for in fruit was awarded her, 
and the State was highly compHmented by the agricultural press 
of the city and country. In this connection it may be said that the 
most desirable Japan fruits have been tested in the central and 
southern parts, and found to thrive and produce as well as in their 
native land. 

The timbers of Arkansas are her glory, and one of the great- 
est sources of her wealth ; she has 129 native species of woodj 
most of them of commercial value. It has been stated by com- 
petent judges that, if this crop were properly harvested and 
marketed, the proceeds would purchase every acre of land in 
Kansas, Nebraska or the Dakotas at their assessed value. Of the 
52,198 square miles which comprise her area, 900 are prairie ; the 
remainder original forest; of this about 7,000 square miles 
have been cleared and put under cultivation, leaving the balance 
covered with timber that is classed as the best in variety and 
quality now standing on the American Continent. The varieties 
of woods are remarkable, they supply almost every demand of 
the artisan. The oaks are sought for not only in this country, 
but are largely exported to England, France and Germany; and 
the white oak is pronounced the finest ever landed on the docks 
of Liverpool. 

Every variety of hickory that grows on this Continent is 
found in Arkansas. 

There were shipped out of the State during the past twelve 
months 560,000,000 feet of yellow pine, and fully as much, if not 
more, of hard woods. Many of her woods are in demand for 
cabinet work; and her pine, cypress, oak, ash, etc., are finding a 



— 21 — 

large market in the Northern and Northeastern States for the in- 
terior finish of buildings. 

It was acknowledged by the Indiana Lumber Dealers Asso- 
ciation, lately visiting the State, that Arkansas produced the best 
pine finishing lumber in the world. Indiana said this, not 
Arkansas. The ash is of such a quality that it is in demand all 
over the civilized world for purposes where no other timber can 
be substituted. She has the largest oar manufactory 'in the 
world, which not only supplies the Navy of the United States, but 
also those of England and France, the demand being such that 
the plant requires enlargement from time to time. 

This is but one of the many industries the forests offer to the 
hand of enterprise and skill. A collection of thirty varieties of 
the woods found in commercial quantities, finished in their nat- 
ural state, has been prepared and sent to the World's Fair at Chi- 
cago, with the design of showing their value for interior decora- 
tion and cabinet work. 

Before passing the timbers, reference should be made to the 
use of the sweet gum for the manufacture of wood pulp. It is 
found in all parts of the State, and has little if any other com- 
mercial value. 

It has been tested for making wood pulp, and it proved 
equal in every respect to the~Avoods used for the same purpose at 
the North, while the price is but a small fraction of what they 
cost. 

The uses of wood pulp are becoming more and more extended, 
and it is fast replacing iron, steel and wood for many purposes. 
It is now in use for barrels, car wheels, boxes, tubs, panels, 



— 'y^. 



cabinet work, pails, and what other useful offices it may he called 
upon to fill the ingenuity of man alone can determine. 

With two thousand miles of railroads crossing the three 
thousand miles of navigable waters, the timbers are placed in the 
marts of the world at a low rate of transportation. While Ar- 
kansas has cheap and favorable transportation for her timbers 
and agricultural products, it is not so with many of her valuable 
minerals; but projected railroads and those now in course of con- 
struction will soon supply that deficiency. 

The minerals of Arkansas are vast and varied. To the 
mineralogist and miner they offer unusual attraction, and are 
outnumbered in variety by no other part of the Union. The 
development of the minerals has been retarded by want of trans- 
portation, which it is hoped will soon be supplied. The State has 
iron ores of different kinds — the hematites — brown and red pre- 
dominating, and these varieties are found suitable for smelting at 
almost every geological horizon. In Hot Springs county there is 
a deposit of unknown extent of magnetic ore that has attracted 
much attention, not only for its high per cent of metal, but also 
for its polarity ; there is hardly a mineralogical cabinet in the 
country that has not specimens from Magnet Cove. In this 
noted locality, where more than thirty kinds of rare minerals 
have been found, is a large deposit of iron pyrites that may be 
utilized for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. It was here and 
from this mineral that the Confederate Government during the 
late war obtained sulphur for making gunpowder. At the pres- 
ent time none of the iron ores are being reduced to metal, but 
before the war sufficient iron was made in the northern part of 
the State for home use, and some for export which was pro- 



— 23 — 

nounced of most excellent quality. As a producer of manganese, 
the State runks third in the Union, though working only one 
of the three well-known deposits. The Batesville locality — 
the one now being worked — last year shipped to Pennsylvania 
and Chicago, in value, $53,720, and when the railroad now being 
constructed is completed, north and south on the western border 
of the State, passing through the Polk county manganese deposits, 
the quantity and value of the shipments will be very much 
increased, as the mineral is said to be of superior quality. At the 
present time, Virginia, Georgia and Arkansas produce nearly all 
the manganese mined in the United States. 

Zinc ores extend over a large portion of the northern part 
of the State, and it is thought by those who have investigated, 
that when the extent of this mineral is determined, it will be 
found larger and as valuable as the noted zinc region of Carthage 
and Joplin, Mo. For want of railroad facilities, little more than 
prospect work is being done. Copper ore in sufficient quantity 
and of a quality that would warrant mining it is also found in 
this region, but like the zinc is deprived of a paying market for 
lack of transportation. 

In Sevier county, near the southwest corner of the State, is 
the only locahty in the United States east of the Rocky moun- 
tains where antimony has been found in sufficient quantity to be 
of commercial value. Analysis shows the antimonial ores of 
Arkansas to be equal to the celebrated ores of Borneo, and they 
are found distributed over a large extent of country, reaching from 
the grass roots to an unknown depth, increasing in value as they 
go down. In 1889, about $10,000 in value of this ore was shipped 



— 24 — 

to Philadelphia for reduction. This mineral, like many others, 
is deprived of cheap transportation. 

Lead has been found in greater and less quantities from the 
middle-north part of the State to the southwest. Most of the 
lead ores are what is termed argentiferous ; most of them, particu- 
larly in the middle and southwestern parts, carry a large per cent 
of silver, some ranking with the richest ores of the famed silver 
regions of the West. In the central part of the State much atten- 
tion has been given to prospecting for silver, and not without 
promising results ; but in most cases, this kind of work has been 
done without skill or capital ; what the result may be when science 
and money are set at work, the future must determine. Gold has 
been found in a number of localities, but not in quantities to war- 
rant an expenditure of time or capital. 

It is to the unmetallic minerals that Arkansas looks for her 
greatest sources of wealth and prosperity. Her acreage of coal is 
2,500,000, with a thickness in excess of that shown by any other 
State, and more varieties than are found in the same area on the 
continent — they range in quality from lignite to nearly pure 
anthracite, and are adopted for steaming, coking, gas, manufac- 
turing and domestic purposes. 

The older coals are found in the western-central part of the 
State, and are cheaply mined. The lignite commences in the 
center and widens as the deposit extends south into Texas and 
Louisiana. Owing to the vast wood lands, the lignite or brown 
coal has little commercial worth at present ; but when the value 
of fuel gas is better understood, this coal will be sought for. Coal 
mining in this State had not assumed commercial importance 
until within the past few years. In 1892, the output was 739,300 



— 25 — 

tons, valued at $1,212,410. A large per cent of this coal found a 
market in Kansas, Louisiana and other neighboring States. On 
account of the variety and quality of the coal, this industry bids 
fair to increase rapidly. 

Among the minerals that the State has been especially favored, 
with is a deposit of soapstone, or steatite, found fourteen miles 
south of Little Eock. It is said to be the only locality of this 
mineral now known in the Mississippi valley. Before its discovery, 
it was a mystery to the archaeologist where the mound builders 
procured the material for their soapstone utensils. The uses of 
this mineral are many and important : as a fire resisting material 
it is in demand for lining boilers, ranges, stoves, and in the con- 
struction of furnaces for the reduction of ores, etc. ; it is also used 
for bath and laundry tubs. Of late it has attracted much attention 
as a paint for protecting iron and steel in marine structures from 
salt water and atmospheric influences, and for preserving lime- 
stone and sandstone under exposure. As a lubricant it is reported 
valuable, and the demand for it warrants its development. 

Gypsum of remarkable purity and extent is found outcrop- 
ping in the northern part of Hempstead county, extending west 
to the Indian Territory. This mineral occurs in many parts of 
the United States, but nowhere of better quality or where it can 
be more economically mined, though at present it lacks 
cheap transportation. The principal uses of gypsum are, in its 
crude state, ground as a fertilizer, or calcined as plaster of paris, 
stucco and cement. 

No mineral is more intimately connected with the name of 
this State or has a more extended reputation throughout this 
country and Europe than Arkansas whet or oil stone. The larg- 



— Att- 
est and most valuable quarries are near Hot Springs ; it is found 
in two varieties, which are distinguished in the market as Ar- 
kansas and Ouachita, the last taking its name from a river that 
flows near by. Since the first discovery of the qualities of this 
rock for sharpening edged tools, the demand has increased, not 
only in this country, but in the old world, being considered supe- 
rior for putting a keen edge on tools to any material found else- 
where. The amount of novaculite shipped last year, finished and 
unfinished, did not vary much from $30,000. 

The so-called onyx now in great demand for mantels, 
table-tops and other ornamental purposes, is found in quantity at 
a number of localities in the northern part of the State. In qual- 
ity it is reported as good as the best brought from Mexico. Eureka 
Springs is the only place in the State where this mineral is 
being prepared for market, and the demand exceeds the supply. 

Lithographic stone which engravers pronounce of excellent 
quality is found in a number of localities in the northern part of 
the State, but no economic use has been made of it. 

In Independence and Lawrence counties infusorial earths, 
iised for cleansing and polishing purposes, are found, which have 
been tested for their value, but not developed. 

Arkansas is favored with a wonderful variety of valuable 
clays, including every kind used by potters, for from common salt- 
glazed stoneware to the finest Sevres china. It is doubtful if 
there is a spot in the world, where, within the same space, all 
the raw materials used in the ceramic art are found in such close 
proximity as in this State. With the exception of feldspar, there 
is not an ingredient lacking that enters into the composition of 



— 27 — 

any of the wares spoken of, and nowhere else does a Uke condi- 
tion exist. 

In this connection attention is called to a comparatively 
new mineral closely related to Kaolin or china clay— beauxite. 
It was first discovered in France, but did not come into use till 
1868. It is an oxide of aluminum and is used for producing that 
metal and alum. Philadelphia, Syracuse, Buffalo and Brooklyn, 
N. Y., last year consumed about 5,000 tons of this mineral in the 
manufacture .of alum. North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and 
Arkansas are the only States where beauxite has been found in 
commercial quantities. The Arkansas deposits are quite exten- 
sive, of excellent quality and located from ten to thirty miles 
from Little Rock. 

Of the various mineral materials used in building, the State is 
in no respect deficient. Granite, or more correctly Syenite, is found 
in large quantities commencing three miles distant from Little 
Rock, and coming to the horizon at intervals, to the southwest 
boundary of the State. Its quality and beauty have brought it 
into demand for building, paving and other purposes, not only at 
home, but in Texas, Tennessee, Kentucky and other States. 
Marbles exist in immense quantities in a number of counties 
in the northern part of the State, and for extent, quality and 
variety of color, are nowhere excelled and but seldom equaled. 
From twelve States this industry places on the market annually 
over §3,000,000 worth of marble in various conditions. The 
geographical position of her marbles and their favorable situation 
for quarrying will make this a very profitable enterprise when a 
railroad affords transportation. 



— 28 — 

Roofing slate is found outcropping from Pulaski to Sevier 
counties — a distance of many miles. Saline county has, for the 
past few years, furnished a small amount of slate for the St. 
Louis market. Garland county produces beautiful samples of 
buff, red and black, that have been used at Hot Springs. Sevier 
county has a slate that David Dale Owen, the noted geologist, 
pronounced, after a comparison, equal if not superior to the best 
Vermont slate. 

Sandstone suitable for all purposes required is found plenti- 
fully in all her uplands. Limestone for building and the 
manufacture of quicklime exists at convenient points throughout 
the State. Ochres, and oxide of iron used for paints are quite 
common. 

In Logan county and vicinity, petroleum, and natural gas give 
indications of being in quantity. Interested jiarties are now 
prospecting in ^that neighborhood, and are very much encouraged 
as their work progresses. 

Some of the economic minerals have been thus briefly men- 
tioned. There are many more of interest to the mineralogist, 
but space and time forbid calling attention to them. It is well, 
however, to mention that last year Arkansas furnished for cab- 
inets and ornamentation more than |12,000 worth of her rare and 
beautiful minerals. 

Two of the greatest curiosities within the boundaries of Arkan- 
sas, if not on the Continent, are the Hot Springs of Garland county, 
and the Mammoth Spring of Fulton county. The Hot Springs 
were well known in pre-historic times — they were visited by De 
Soto in 1541, and widely resorted to by the Indians long before 
that date. The springs are located near the geographical center 



— 29 — 

of the State, in a spur of the Ozark mountains, about 800 feet 
above tide water. They are some seventy in number, with a 
temperature of from 70 to 175 degrees Fahrenheit. 

The flow from all the springs is 350 gallons per minute, or 
about 90,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. Allowing 25 gallons 
for each bath, this amount of water would supply 20,000 persons 
daily. The Hot Springs are owned and controlled by the general 
government, which regulates the use of the water, and protects 
the rights of the people, regardless of color, previous condition, 
or from what locality they come. In 1885 the government erected 
on the permanent reserve a very fine army and navy hospital. 
The city of Hot Springs contains about 15,000 inhabitants, and is 
visited by not less than 50,000 people annually, seeking health, 
and it is stated that nine out of ten are permanently benefited. 
The city is well supplied with hotels and boarding houses, with 
prices only limited by the wants or desires of the guests. 

Mammoth Spring is located on the northern border of the 
State in Fulton county, and is not only a curiosity, but of great 
utility. It is 70 feet deep and 200 feet wide; its flow is 45,000 
cubic feet per minute, never varying from that amount summer 
or winter. Within the past few years a fourteen-head stone dam 
has been built at the outlet, supplying power for a cotton factory 
and a large roller flour mill. It is estimated that the spring now 
furnishes a motor equal to 1,000 horse-power. This is the head 
of Spring river, a most beautiful and picturesque stream, empty- 
ing into Black river over fifty miles below. The descent of Spring 
river is so rapid that an unvarying water-power equal in magni- 
tude to the spring can be had every few hundred yards for over 
ten miles. Considering the location and surroundings, this i^ 



— 30 — 

undoubtedly one of the most valuable water powers in the 
United States. 

Space forbids speaking of the numerous well-known min- 
eral springs situated in different parts of the State. Eureka, 
Mountain Valley, Searcy, Potash-Sulphur, and the noted Lithia 
spring in Hempstead county are but a few of the many worthy of 
attention. 

It is with pardonable pride that attention is called to the 
possibilities of the State— a State the least known or understood 
in all this broad land of Stars and Stripes^a State that is rapidly 
moving forward in a line of progress that will yet place her side 
by side with the most advanced. 

The "Arkansas traveler" is dethroned, he is no longer the 
representative ; the locomotive, commerce, agriculture, manufac- 
tures and schools have banished him from the land forever, and 
Arkansas is now seeking immigration to aid in developing her 
immense resources. 

She wants tillers of the soil, manufacturers, and progressive 
men of every class. She courts investigation, and invites all, 
regardless of nationality, politics or religion, to help develop this 
empire within itself and enjoy the fruits of their labor. The 
United States have 40,000,000 acres of land in this State that is 
offered as a free gift to the home-seeker; on the same terms the 
State tenders nearly 1,000,000 acres, and the railroads offer on 
long time and easy terms 2,000,000 acres. With her climate, soil 
and varied products, situated near the center of population of the 
United States, and with easy access by rail and water to all parts 
of the country, where can a better land be found, or what State 
or Territory can offer more ? 



VALUABLE ASSISTANCE 

And Information can be Obtained from the following Agents: 

W. E. HOYT, General Eastern Passenger Agent, . . 391 Broadway, New York. 

J. P. McCANX, Eastern Traveling Agent, 391 Broadway, New York. 

G. K. DELAHANTY, New England Passenger Agent, 

300 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 
S. H. THOMPSON, Central Pass'r Agent, . . 1119 l.iberty St., PiTTSBrRGH, Pa. 
N. R. WARWICK, Distrif t Passenger Agent, , . 131 Vine Street, Cincinnati, O. 
COKE ALEXANDER, District Passenger Agent, 

7 Jackson Place, Indianapolis, Ind. 
JNO. E. ENNIS, District Passenger Agent, . . 199 S. Clark Street, Chicago, III. 

H. D. ARMSTRONG, Traveling Passenger Agent, Jackson, Mich. 

W. H. MORTON, Passenger Agent, Union Depot St. Louis, Mo. 

S. W. ELLIOTT, City Ticket Agent, 

N. W. Cor. Broadway & Olive St., St. Louis, Mo 
M. GRIFFIN, City Passenger Agent, 

N. W. Cor. Broadway ct Olive Street, St. Louis, Mo. 

H. F. BERKLEY, Passenger and Ticket Agent, Little Rock, Ark. 

H. D. WILSON, Passenger and Ticket Agent, . . 30'J Main St., Memphis, Tenn. 
BISSELL WILSON, So. Traveling Agent, . . 331 W. Main St., Louisville, Ky. 
A. A. GALLAGHER, So. Passenger Agent, 103 Read House. Chattanooga, Tenn. 

J. C. LEWIS, Traveling Passenger Agent, Austin, Tex. 

C. E. STYLES, Passenger and Ticket Agent, Atchison, Kan. 

J. N. JOERGER, Passenger and Ticket Agent, Leavenworth, Kan. 

F. P. WADE, Passenger and Ticket Agent, St. Joseph, Mo. 

R. P. R. MILLAR, General Agent, , Lincoln, Neb. 

T. F. GODFREY, Passenger and Ticket Agent, Omaha, Neb. 

G. E.DORRINGTON, Traveling Passenger Agent, Omaha, Neb. 

J. H. LYON, Western Passenger Agent, . . . 800 Main St., Kansas City, Mo. 
E. S. JEWETT, Passenger and Ticket Agent, . , 800 Main St., Kansas City, Mo. 
BENTON QUICK, Passenger and Assistant Ticket Agent, 1048 Union Avenue, 

Kansas City, Mo. 
rOM. HUGHES, City Passenger .\gent, . . 1048 Union Ave., Kansas City, Mo. 
C. A. TRIPP, General Western Freight and Passenger Agent, 

1662 Larimer Street, Denver, Col. 

E. E. HOFFMAN, Traveling Passenger Agent Denver, Col. 

S. V. DERRAH, Commercial Freight and Passenger Agent, 

Room 21, Morlan Block, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

WM. HOGG, Passenger and Ticket Agent, Pueblo, Col. 

A. J. DeRUSSY, General Pacific Coast Freight and Passenger Agent, 

132 California St., San Francisco, Cal. 
E. E. BLECKLEY, Passenger and Ticket Agent, 

114 North Main St., Wichita, Kan. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



U 






In 



e 007 381 658 • 

UllVUUUUO. 



2,000,000 ACRES 

FERTILE FARMING, 

EXCELLENT GRAZING, 

AND FINELY TIMBERED 






LOW PRICES AND EASY TERMS. 



Send for Maps and Descriptive Circulars 



Address 



G. J\. /\. DE/\INE, 

Land Commissioner, 

St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R'y 
^iTZD Little Rock & Ft. Smith R'y, 

LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 



